history.pushState, Part 2

Following on from my introduction to history.pushState, I thought I'd share a tip on making it more efficient.

When we load in new content with AJAX, we only really use the main part of the document, <main> in my case. Headers and footers, etc. are discarded. One way could detect this is my appending a query string to the end of the URL, so http://rosspenman.com/sass-web-fonts would become http://rosspenman.com/sass-web-fonts?ajax=yes. But there is an even more elegant way to do it.

I use PHP and WordPress on this site, but this should be applicable to any other server-side language or framework.

With WordPress, all of your theme functions are set in a file called functions.php, which, because it declares all of your functions, is run before any other file in your theme. In this file, we can set a boolean variable, $ajax, that tell us whether or not the current page is being loaded by AJAX.

$ajax = !empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'])
    && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) == 'xmlhttprequest';

And then later on, when we would usually use get_header(); and get_footer();, we can check to see if the page is being loaded with AJAX, and only include them if it is not.

if (!$ajax) get_header();
// Main code
if (!$ajax) get_footer();

The only part of the page now missing when the page is being loaded with AJAX is the title, which we can simply output in functions.php if necessary.

$ajax = !empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'])
    && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) == 'xmlhttprequest';
if ($ajax) {
  echo '<title>'; wp_title(); echo '</title>';
}

And that's it!